Why Are Women More Prone to Knee Problems? An Orthopedic Surgeon Explains

It is a commonly observed that women tend to experience more knee-related problems, such as pain and arthritis, compared to men. This isn't just a coincidence; there are distinct anatomical, hormonal, and biomechanical reasons for this disparity. Dr. Jayant Arora, an orthopedic surgeon at Fortis Hospital, explains the key factors that contribute to women's increased vulnerability to knee issues.1. Anatomical Structure (Q-Angle)One of the primary reasons is the difference in pelvic structure. Women typically have a wider pelvis than men to facilitate childbirth. This wider structure increases the angle between the hip and the knee, known as the Quadriceps angle or "Q-angle." A larger Q-angle puts more stress on the knee joint, particularly the kneecap (patella), making it more susceptible to misalignment, instability, and wear and tear over time.2. Hormonal InfluencesHormones play a significant role in joint health. Estrogen, a primary female hormone, is known to have an impact on ligaments and tendons. Fluctuations in estrogen levels during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause can affect the laxity (looseness) of ligaments, potentially reducing the stability of the knee joint. Another hormone, relaxin, which is released during pregnancy, further increases ligament laxity, which can contribute to joint instability.3. Muscle Mass and StrengthOn average, women have less muscle mass compared to men. The muscles around the knee, particularly the quadriceps and hamstrings, act as crucial shock absorbers and stabilizers for the joint. Weaker or less developed muscles can lead to increased strain on the knee joint itself, elevating the risk of injuries and degenerative conditions like osteoarthritis.4. Propensity for OsteoporosisWomen are more susceptible to osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones, especially after menopause when estrogen levels decline sharply. Weaker bones around the knee joint can compromise its structural integrity and increase the risk of fractures and the progression of arthritis.By understanding these inherent risk factors, women can take proactive steps such as targeted strength training, maintaining a healthy weight, and proper nutrition to support their joint health and mitigate the risk of developing knee problems.